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Description
The Guardians: The League of Nations and the Crisis of EmpireAt the end of the First World War, the Paris Peace Conference saw a battle over the future of empire. The victorious allied powers wanted to annex the Ottoman territories and German colonies they had occupied; Woodrow Wilson and a groundswell of anti imperialist activism stood in their way. France, Belgium, Japan and the British dominions reluctantly agreed to an Anglo American proposal to hold and administer those allied conquests under "mandate"
At the end of the First World War, the Paris Peace Conference saw a battle over the future of empire. The victorious allied powers wanted to annex the Ottoman territories and German colonies they had occupied; Woodrow Wilson and a groundswell of anti-imperialist activism stood in their way. France, Belgium, Japan and the British dominions reluctantly agreed to an Anglo-American proposal to hold and administer those allied conquests under "mandate" from the new League of Nations. In the end, fourteen mandated territories were set up across the Middle East, Africa and the Pacific. Against all odds, these disparate and far-flung territories became the site and the vehicle of global transformation. In this masterful history of the mandates system, Susan Pedersen illuminates the role the League of Nations played in creating the modern world. Tracing the system from its creation in 1920 until its demise in 1939, Pedersen examines its workings from the realm of international diplomacy; the viewpoints of the League's experts and officials; and the arena of local struggles within the territories themselves. Featuring a cast of larger-than-life figures, including Lord Lugard, King Faisal, Chaim Weizmann and Ralph Bunche, the narrative sweeps across the globe-from windswept scrublands along the Orange River to famine-blighted hilltops in Rwanda to Damascus under French bombardment-but always returns to Switzerland and the sometimes vicious battles over ideas of civilization, independence, economic relations, and sovereignty in the Geneva headquarters. As Pedersen shows, although the architects and officials of the mandates system always sought to uphold imperial authority, colonial nationalists, German revisionists, African-American intellectuals and others were able to use the platform Geneva offered to challenge their claims. Amid this cacophony, imperial statesmen began exploring new means - client states, economic concessions - of securing Western hegemony. In the end, the mandate system helped to create the world in which we now live. A riveting work of global history, The Guardians enables us to look back at the League with new eyes, and in doing so, appreciate how complex, multivalent, and consequential this first great experiment in internationalism really was.Binding Type: Paperback
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
Published: 12/01/2017
ISBN: 9780190619121
Pages: 592
Weight: 1.50lbs
Size: 8.10h x 5.40w x 1.30d
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4.5 ★★★★★
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Product Reviews
★★★★★ 5
My dog loves this toy!
Color: Bunny (Gray), Size: Large, Color: Bunny (Gray), Size: Large
High quality, big toy, perfect for a medium to large size dog. After a few months of serious chewing I had to buy another one, but well worth the money! Rocky loves it.
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Reviewed in the United States on June 11, 2026
★★★★★ 4
Great toy but if your dog is an aggressive chewer, please think twice.
Color: Crinkle Chicken (Brown), Size: Large
I received this on May 23rd and on June 8th, after playing with this thing every day, our recently acquired 36 lb dog finally ripped it open and got out all the plastic and the squeaky part. Lily Belle will miss you, chicken.
Lily loooooved this toy! She'd toss it in the air, chew on it, pull it with her teeth etc. but as much as she loved it, we won't replace it. It's just not durable enough for her.
If your dog is an aggressive chewer, you might want to try a different toy. I hate that this lasted just a smidge over two weeks because Lily seemed to truly enjoy this toy.
RIP, squeaky chicken!
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Reviewed in the United States on June 9, 2026
★★★★★ 5
Great Value Toy
Color: Crinkle Duck (Blue), Size: Large, Color: Crinkle Duck (Blue), Size: Large
This toy has been one of my dog’s absolute favorites. He gets excited every time he sees it and will carry it around the house, toss it in the air, and keep himself entertained for a long time. The shape and texture seem perfect for him, and it quickly became one of his go-to toys over everything else in his basket.
What I really like is that it holds up reasonably well for the price. It’s definitely not indestructible, and after a lot of play, it will sometimes start to rip—usually around the feet first since that’s where my dog tends to grab and chew the most. But honestly, considering how affordable it is, I don’t mind replacing it when needed. It’s inexpensive enough that rebuying feels worth it because he genuinely loves it that much.
I’d rather keep buying a toy he is obsessed with than spend more on something that just sits untouched. It’s fun, cute, and keeps him happy, which is what matters most. Overall, I’d definitely recommend it for dogs who love plush toys and playful chewing.
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Reviewed in the United States on April 28, 2026
★★★★★ 5
Best affordable squeaker toy
Color: Crinkle Chicken (Brown), Size: Large, Color: Crinkle Chicken (Brown), Size: Large
my dog is obsessed with this toy, this has became his new comfort toy and after having this for about four months the legs are falling off but it’s very durable. The squeaker also moved from the head of the chicken to the body of the chicken but that’s after it was played with every single day. I love that it has two squeakers and it’s the perfect toy for my dog.
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Reviewed in the United States on May 6, 2026
★★★★★ 5
My dogs favorite toy EVER
Color: Crinkle Chicken (Brown), Size: Large
I have a Belgian Malinois who loves any and every toy, but this one is definitely her favorite. She will walk around the house constantly carrying it in her mouth, which is honestly adorable to watch.
The squeakers only lasted a couple of months, but I don’t really consider that a downside—I’m kind of grateful they didn’t last forever given how much she plays with it. It still remains one of her most-loved toys even without them.
My only word of caution is that if you work from home, this toy makes a lot of crinkling noise. And I mean A LOT. It’s great for keeping the dog entertained, but it can definitely get a little frustrating for humans trying to focus or take calls.
Overall, it’s been a big hit in our house and easily one of her favorite toys.
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Reviewed in the United States on June 8, 2026